数据存储

A hard drive is a miracle of modern technology.
硬盘驱动器是现代技术的一个奇迹。
For $50 anyone can buy a machine that can comfortably store the contents of,
只要花上50美元,每个人都能买上一台机器,轻松地将牛津大学
say, the Bodleian Library in Oxford as a series of tiny magnetic ripples on a spinning disk of cobalt alloy.
博德利图书馆中的书籍内容储存为钴合金旋转圆盘上的一系列微小磁波纹。

But, as is often the case, natural selection knocks humanity's best efforts into a cocked hat.
但通常自然选择把人类最大的努力打得一败涂地。
DNA, the information-storage technology preferred by biology, can cram up to 215 petabytes of data into a single gram.
DNA是生物学偏爱的一种信息存储技术,它可以将215拍字节的数据塞进一克的物质中。
That is 10m times what the best modern hard drives can manage.
这一储存量是现代最好硬盘驱动器可存储量的一千万倍。
And DNA storage is robust. While hard-drive warranties rarely exceed five years,
而且DNA存储也很稳定。虽然硬盘的保修期一般不会超过五年,
DNA is routinely recovered from bones that are thousands of years old
DNA通常是从数千年前的骨头中提取出来的
(the record stands at 700,000 years, for a genome belonging to an ancestor of the modern horse).
(最久远的记录来自于70万年前,基因组属于现代马的祖先)。
For those reasons, technologists have long wondered whether DNA could be harnessed to store data commercially.
出于那些原因,技术人员一直想知道是否可以利用DNA来进行商业数据存储。
Archival storage is one idea, for it minimises DNA's disadvantages—which are that, compared with hard drives, reading and writing it is fiddly and slow.
想法之一是档案储存,因为它可以尽量减少DNA的劣势—与硬盘驱动相比,读取和写入DNA既繁琐又缓慢。
Now, though, a team led by Yaniv Erlich of Erlich Lab, an Israeli company,
现在由以色列公司Erlich Lab的Yaniv Erlich以及
and Robert Grass, a chemist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, in Zurich, have had another idea.
苏黎世联邦理工学院化学家Robert Grass领导的团队已经有了另一种想法。
As they describe in a paper in Nature Biotechnology, they want to use DNA data storage to give all manner of ordinary objects a memory of their own.
他们在发表于《Nature Biotechnology》的一篇论文中称,他们想要利用DNA数据存储来给各种各样的普通物体一份属于他们自己的记忆。
The researchers describe a test run in which they encoded the Stanford bunny—a standard test image in computer graphics—into chunks of DNA.
研究人员描述了他们将斯坦福兔子(计算机图形中的标准测试图像)编码成DNA块的一次测试运行。
Those chunks were then given a protective sheath of silica nanoparticles. That served to protect them for the next stage,
然后给这些块体涂上一层二氧化硅纳米颗粒的保护层。这可以为它们进入下个阶段提供保护,
in which they were mixed with plastic and used as feedstock in a 3D printer, which printed a model of the bunny.
在这一阶段,它们与塑料混合,并被用作3D打印机的原料,该3D打印机打印出了这个兔子的模型。

The result was an object that contained, encoded throughout its structure, the blueprints necessary to produce more copies of itself.结果得到了一个物体,其整个结构中都含有并编码了制造更多副本所必需的蓝图。

By clipping a tiny fragment of plastic from the finished bunny's ear and running the DNA within through a sequencer,

通过从成品兔子耳朵上剪下一小块塑料碎片,并通过测序器对里面的DNA进行检测,

the researchers were able to recover those blueprints and use them to make further generations of DNA-infused bunnies.

研究人员能够复原这些蓝图,并利用它们制造出更多代的注入DNA的兔子。

Satisfied with their proof of concept, they then repeated the trick by encoding a short video in DNA and fusing it in plexiglass, a transparent plastic.

对他们的概念证明感到满意后,他们通过在DNA中编码一段短视频并将其融合在树脂玻璃(一种透明塑料)中,重复了这一把戏。

They used the plexiglass to make a lens for a pair of spectacles.

他们用这种树脂玻璃做了一副眼镜的镜片。

Once again, clipping a tiny sliver from the lens and dissolving the plastic away was able to liberate the DNA, which could be used to recover the video.

然后再从镜片中剪下一小块并且将它溶解,并释放出可以用来恢复这段视频DNA。

The cost of both producing and reading DNA is falling precipitously.

产生和读取DNA的成本都在急剧下降。

The price of reading a million letters of the genetic alphabet has fallen roughly a million-fold since the start of the millennium.

自2000年以来,读取100万个基因字母的价格已经下降了大约100万倍。

For that reason, Drs Erlich and Grass hope their idea might one day have all sorts of uses.

出于这个原因,Erlich和Grass博士希望他们的想法有一天能有各种各样的用途。

One, they think, could be to embed relevant information into manufactured goods.

其一,他们认为可以将相关信息嵌入到制成品中。

They give the example of custom-fitted medical implants that contain a patient's medical records and the precise measurements needed to make another implant.

他们给出了定制医疗医学植入体的例子,这些植入体中包含病人的医疗记录,以及制作另一个植入体所需的精确测量数据。

A second use, for the privacy-minded, could be steganography—第二个用途,对于注重隐私的人来说,可以是速记式加密—

the art of concealing information within something apparently innocuous (this was the idea behind the DNA-infused spectacles).

是一种将信息隐藏到看似无害的东西里的艺术(这就是注入DNA眼镜背后的想法)。

Their most futuristic idea is an entire world full of objects which, like biological life,

他们最具未来感的想法是一整个充满物体的世界,就像生物生命一样,

contain all the information needed to make copies of themselves in every part of their structure.

世界中包含在结构的各个部分复制自己所需的信息。

Drs Erlich and Grass have dubbed their technology the "DNA of things", and it is certainly a clever idea.

Erlich和Grass博士称他们的技术为“事物的DNA”,这确实是一个聪明的想法。

But the next job might be to come up with a snappier name.

但下一项工作可能是想出一个更时髦的名字。


来源:经济学人

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