If you want to study economics, these two concepts may be the very first things you need to understand.
如果你想学习经济学,那么这两个概念可能是你必须要了解的。
Microeconomics and macroeconomics are two of the largest subdivisions of the study of economics wherein micro- refers to the observation of small economic units like the effects of government regulations on individual markets and consumer decision making and macro- refers to the "big picture" version of economics like how interest rates are determines and why some countries' economies grow faster than others'.
微观经济学和宏观经济学是经济学研究中最大的两个分支,其中微观指的是对小经济单位的研究,比如政府调控对个人市场和消费者决策的影响,宏观则指的是经济学的“大局”版本,比如利率是如何决定的,以及为什么一些国家的经济增长速度比其他国家快。
According to comedian P.J. O'Rourke, "microeconomics concerns things that e conomists are specifically wrong about, while macroeconomics concerns things e conomists are wrong about generally. Or to be more technical, microeconomics is about money you don't have, and macroeconomics is about money the government is out of."
喜剧演员欧鲁克说,“微观经济学关注的是经济学家的特殊错误,而宏观经济学则是关注经济学家的普遍错误。或者更具体地说,微观经济学是关于你没有的钱,宏观经济学是关于政府没有的钱。"
Although this humorous observation pokes fun at e conomists, the description is accurate. However, a closer observation of both fields of economic discourse will provide a better understanding of the basics of economic theory and study.
虽然这个幽默的评论嘲笑了经济学家,但是这种描述是准确的。不管怎么说,更仔细地观察这两个领域的经济语篇,将有助于更好地理解经济学理论和研究的基础知识。
Microeconomics: Individual Markets
微观经济学:个体市场
Those who have studied Latin know that the prefix "micro-" means "small," so it shouldn't be surprising that microeconomics is the study of small economic units. The field of microeconomics is concerned with things like:
学过拉丁语的人都知道前缀“micro -”意味着“small(小)”,所以微观经济学是对小型经济单位的研究也就不足为奇了。微观经济学领域关注的事情包括:
consumer decision making and utility maximization
消费者决策与效用最大化
firm production and profit maximization
企业生产与利润最大化
individual market equilibrium
个体市场均衡
effects of government regulation on individual markets
政府调控对个体市场的影响
externalities and other market side effects
外部性与其他市场副作用
Put another way, microeconomics concerns itself with the behavior of individual markets, such as the markets for oranges, the market for cable television, or the market for skilled workers as opposed to the overall markets for produce, electronics, or the entire workforce. Microeconomics is essential for local governance, business and personal financing, specific stock investment research, and individual market predictions for venture capitalistic endeavors.
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