President Donald Trump has been trying to encourage firms to hire more American workers by increasing restrictions on visas for skilled foreign workers, including by suspending the H-1B visa program in June.
为了鼓励企业雇佣更多美国劳动者,特朗普总统一直在不断收紧外籍技术劳工签证,包括在六月暂停临时工作签证。
But a new study found that blocking out skilled labor actually encourages companies to move jobs abroad, where they can hire locally or more easily obtain a visa. That means more new jobs in countries like Canada, India, and China, not in the US, as president Donald Trump has claimed.
但是一项新研究发现,把技术劳工挡在国门外事实上会鼓励公司把职位迁至海外,在那里他们可以在当地招工或者更容易获得签证。这意味着在加拿大、印度、中国等国家会产生更多新职位,而不像特朗普总统声称的那样会给美国增加就业机会。
"It's not that a company really only has two options, which is either hire an immigrant in the US or hire an American in the US," said Britta Glennon, the National Bureau of Economic Research economist who wrote the study. "They actually have more options than that."
该研究报告的作者、美国国家经济研究局的经济学家布丽塔·格伦农说:“企业并不是只有两种选择,要么在美国雇佣移民,要么在美国雇佣美国人。实际上他们有更多选择。”
Glennon looked at data from millions of H1-B applications and multinationals' employment in foreign countries over a 10-year period to track whether less access to visas changed hiring practices. She found that it did, whether it was because the US lowered its annual visa cap (as it did in 2004,) or because visas became harder to get after US Citizenship and Immigration Services implemented a lottery system to grant them.
格伦农查看了十年间数百万临时工作签证的申请资料和跨国企业海外雇佣情况的追踪数据,以调查签证收紧是否改变招聘模式。她发现签证收紧确实改变了雇佣模式,无论是因为美国压低签证年度配额(2004年曾经这么做过),还是因为美国公民及移民局实施了摇号系统后签证变得更难获取。
When she looked at the lottery's effects, for example, she found that for each visa application denied, companies created the equivalent of .3 jobs abroad, at least.
举例来说,当她查看摇号的影响后,她发现每拒绝一次签证申请,企业在海外的职位就会增加至少0.3个。
Companies in the tech sector were more likely to hire a foreign worker at their offices outside the US. They were also more likely to place those workers in Canada, which has less restrictive visa policies than the US, as well as India and China, where many of the hires were from.
技术行业的企业更可能在美国境外的办事处雇佣外国劳动者。他们更可能将这些劳工安置在加拿大,因为加拿大的签证政策没有美国的限制条件那么多,或者在印度和中国,因为许多劳工都来自这些国家。
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