Cholera in the Dominican Republic. Dengue fever in the Caribbean. Measles in Ukraine.
Lee Tamplin圣布拉斯岛海滩多米尼加共和国的霍乱，加勒比海的登革热，乌克兰的麻疹。
With summer travel season here, so are new warnings about health hazards in many exotic destinations. Granted, I'm probably more paranoid than the average middle-aged traveler, having been a bone-marrow transplant patient with a weakened immune system. And my idea of adventure travel is anywhere without a Four Seasons hotel. But in developing countries-and even in many developed ones-many travelers over 50 face special concerns, especially if they have chronic health conditions or take medications such as steroids that suppress the immune system.
随着夏季旅游旺季的到来，也出现了许多新的有关国外目的地的健康危险警示。的确，作为一个做过骨髓移植、免疫系统减弱了的人，我可能比一般的中年旅行者更多疑。而且我所认为的冒险旅行是去一个没有四季酒店（Four Seasons）的地方。但在发展中国家，甚至在很多发达国家，许多50岁以上的旅行者的确面临着特殊的问题，尤其是如果他们有慢性病或服用类固醇等抑制免疫系统的药物，问题就更大了。
"We see a lot of people who, after retirement, want to take the trek of a lifetime in Nepal, but it isn't the same as going to Kansas City, and a lot of them don't realize this," says Phyllis Kozarsky, an infectious-disease expert at Emory University and travel health consultant for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, both in Atlanta. Many popular areas lack basic medical care, let alone easy access to a local drugstore.
埃默里大学（Emory University）传染病研究专家、美国疾病控制和预防中心（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）旅行健康顾问科扎斯基（Phyllis Kozarsky）说，我们看到很多人在退休后想去尼泊尔徒步，但这跟去堪萨斯城可不一样，而他们很多人都意识不到这一点。埃默里大学和疾控中心均位于亚特兰大。很多热门地区都缺乏基本的医疗保健设施，更别说方便地在当地药店买到药了。
See Your Doctor
看医生
Four to six weeks before foreign travel, it's wise to visit a doctor for recommended vaccines and cautionary medications such as malaria pills and a prescription antibiotic in the event of a bad stomach bug. But it is also important to pack mosquito repellent and other precautions for outdoor activities in areas where malaria, yellow fever and other insect-borne diseases abound─and to stock up on other important items.
出国旅行前四到六周去看医生是明智的做法，询问医生应接种哪些疫苗，以及应该准备哪些预防药物，比如疟疾丸和用于治疗严重胃病的处方抗生素。但要是在疟疾、黄热病及其他昆虫传播疾病多发地进行户外活动，携带驱蚊剂及采取其他预防措施也同样重要，还应储备其他重要物品。
"I walk through the aisles of my local pharmacy and carry the things I'd like to have with me in the event of a minor illness," such as pain relievers and anti-diarrhea medication, says Dr. Kozarsky.
科扎斯基博士说，我会去自己本地的药店转一转，拿些防治小病的药物，比如止痛药和抗腹泻药物。
The CDC travel health website has a regularly updated list of health risks and vaccination recommendations and requirements for specific countries. Some clinics use a software program, Travax, which tracks disease risk data. Paul McKinney, developer of the program and medical director of the travel clinic at the University of Louisville in Kentucky, says it also helps identify vaccine requirements for travelers who may be going from one foreign country to another. For example, travelers going to India from the U.S. don't require a yellow-fever vaccination, but if they are first visiting countries where yellow fever is endemic, India may require them to be vaccinated.
疾控中心旅行健康网站列出了具体国家的健康风险和建议接种的疫苗及要求清单，并且会定期更新。有些诊所会用Travax软件程序，它能够跟踪疾病风险数据。该软件的开发者、肯塔基州路易斯维尔大学（University of Louisville in Kentucky）旅行诊所主任医师麦金尼（Paul McKinney）说，该软件还能帮助确认在国外不同国家间旅行者的疫苗要求。例如从美国到印度的旅行者不需要接种黄热病疫苗，但如果他们要先去黄热病多发的国家，印度可能会要求他们接种疫苗。
Vaccine Risk
疫苗风险
Live vaccines such as the one for yellow fever can be risky for those over 60 or 65, Dr. McKinney warns, because of a higher likelihood of side effects. Patients taking steroids, which lower resistance to viral infection of any kind, are also less likely to have a good response to a vaccine.
麦金尼博士警告说，黄热病疫苗等活疫苗对60或65岁以上的人会有危险，因为产生副作用的可能性较大。服用类固醇的病人也可能对疫苗的反应不佳，因为类固醇会降低人体对各种形式病毒感染的抵抗力。
It's also important to be up-to-date on routine vaccinations such as flu and tetanus before leaving the U.S. A shingles vaccine for those over 65 can reduce the chance of being struck with a painful and debilitating case of the virus, which is related to childhood chickenpox. Measles are also a growing concern in Europe, Dr. Kozarsky says. If you're unsure whether you had measles or a childhood vaccination for it, a blood test can determine if there are antibodies to the disease.
还有很重要的一点是，在离开美国前应接种最新的流感和破伤风等常规疫苗。65岁以上者接种带状疱疹疫苗能减少严重感染这种病毒的几率，这种病毒与儿时的水痘有关。科扎斯基博士说，麻疹在欧洲也日益受到关注。如果你不确定自己是否得过麻疹或小时候接种过疫苗，那么血液化验可以判定你是否有麻疹抗体。
Travelers also need to be careful about organisms that can penetrate the skin while swimming, or bacteria found in drinking water-as well as raw foods such as salad and fresh fruit.
旅行者还需要小心在游泳时能穿透皮肤的有机生物或饮用水中以及沙拉和新鲜水果等生食中发现的细菌。
In Case of Emergency…
万一遇到紧急情况……
For the worst-case scenario, it is also a good idea to consider an emergency medical evacuation program. Before a trip to Russia last year, Marvin Freedman, a retired Justice Department investigator and avid world traveler, bought a membership from MedjetAssist, on the recommendations of some fellow travelers. He admits he was skeptical it could deliver as promised: evacuation to the hospital of his choosing for the $260 plan.
如果遇到最坏的情况，最好是考虑紧急医疗后送方案。去年前往俄国之前，热衷世界旅行的美国司法部退休调查员弗里德曼（Marvin Freedman）在一些同行者的建议下，购买了MedjetAssist的会员计划。他选择的是价格260美元的计划，保证能在发生情况时将他护送到医院。他承认起初自己对其是否能实现承诺有所怀疑。
While poking around historic towns in the Golden Ring area outside Moscow, Mr. Freedman picked up a bug that worsened by the time he got to St. Petersburg. Admitted to a hospital there, he was pumped full of antibiotics by doctors who diagnosed a bacterial infection. But he wasn't getting better. After a few days he placed a call to MedjetAssist, where he was connected to doctors at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center who determined he needed to be brought home.
在游览莫斯科郊外金环地区（Golden Ring）的古镇时，弗里德曼感染了一种疾病，在他到圣彼得堡时病情开始恶化。他住进了当地的一所医院，医生诊断他是细菌感染，给他注射了抗生素。但他并没有好转。几天后，他打电话给MedjetAssist，联系上了匹兹堡大学医学中心（University of Pittsburgh Medical Center）的医生，他们认为他需要被送回美国。
The next morning, a Lear Jet with a flight doctor and a nurse arrived to take him on the first leg of a long journey back to Wisconsin. Doctors there determined it was in fact a viral infection-which doesn't respond to antibiotics-and discontinued the drugs. After making a full recovery, Mr. Freedman says he is undaunted from globe-trotting and already has a journey to India in the planning stages.
第二天一早，一位航空医生和护士乘坐一架Lear喷气式飞机抵达，带他回到了威斯康星州。那里的医生认为这实际上是一种病毒感染，因此不会对抗生素产生反应，医生停用了之前的药物。完全恢复后，弗里德曼说自己对环球旅行的热情并没有受到打击，现在已经开始筹备印度之行了。
来源：可可英语
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