别名

Distinct Name

用以特指某类或某一个事物的名称。“别名”是荀子所使用的一种名称类别，与“共名”相对。名用以指称实。同一类别之中具有特殊属性的事物类别，可以用一个“别名”来加以指称。一个“别名”所指称的事物类别中若仍然具有特殊的事物类别，可以用更高层级的“别名”来加以指称。如此类推，直至不能划分出更细致的事物类别。指称一个事物大类的“别名”称为“大别名”。

A distinct name is used for a particular category or a certain object. It is used by Xunzi in contrast with "general name." A name should denote the nature of a thing. Things in the same category that have unique features can be referred to by "distinct names". Subsets within that category with further characteristics of their own can in turn have a higher-level "distinct name". A distinct name with the broadest reference is called "broad distinct name".

来源：翻译大王