What happens if you are an Alcohol and/or Tobacco addict?
如果你是一个酒精且/或烟草成瘾者会发生什么？
Alcohol
酒精
Alcohol is a powerful drug.
酒精是一种强效药物。
It contains Ethanol, the most common type of alcohol that helps to reduce tension and inhibition in a person.
它含有乙醇，这是最常见的酒精类型，有助于减轻人的紧张和抑制。
It works by dilating small blood vessels near the skin hence causing the person to become red.
它的工作原理是扩张皮肤附近的小血管，从而使人变红。
Warm and feel comfortable.
感觉微热又舒适。
Initially, the alcohol affects the brain's motor center, cerebellum and the medulla oblongata resulting in a person's poor coordination and balance, sluggish reflexes, change in behavior, and loss of memory slowing of speech, increased rate of heartbeat and breathing.
最初，酒精会影响大脑的运动中枢、小脑和延髓，导致人的协调性和平衡性差，反应迟缓，行为改变，记忆力丧失，言语减慢，心跳和呼吸加快。
Large amounts of alcohol can even lead to coma or death.
大量饮酒甚至会导致昏迷或死亡。
Long-term effects for the alcohol addicts include malnutrition and damage to heart muscles, stomach disorders like ulcers and gastritis, the liver is not able to detoxify blood or process nutrients due to liver chirrosis other medicines interact negatively with alcohol so any side medication can be harmful.
对酗酒者的长期影响包括营养不良和心脏肌肉损伤，胃部疾病，如溃疡和胃炎，肝脏由于肝硬化不能解毒血液或处理营养物质，其他药物与酒精相互产生负面作用，因此任何副作用都可能是有害的。
Social and personal problems in life are likely to happen due to the addiction.
由于饮酒上瘾，生活中的社会和个人问题很可能会发生。
If consumed during pregnancy, fetal abnormalities and miscarriages can occur such as reduced physical and mental development, mental retardation, birth defects.
如果在怀孕期间食用，可能会发生胎儿异常和流产，如身体和智力发育迟缓、智力低下、出生缺陷。
Driving while intoxicated is illegal worldwide.
在世界范围内，酒后驾车是违法的。
Alcohol consumption slows reflex time and blurs the vision of the driver.
饮酒会减慢反射时间，并使司机的视力变得模糊。
This would then lead to an overall poor judgment of the driver, resulting in fatal road accidents.
这会导致对司机的整体判断不佳，导致致命的交通事故。
Tobacco
烟草
Tobacco smoking is habit-forming.
吸烟会使人养成习惯。
The smoke drawn into the lung consists of nicotine, carbon monoxide, tar and other harmful substances.
吸入肺部的烟雾由尼古丁、一氧化碳、焦油和其他有害物质组成。
This is why there is a strong link between the act of smoking and respiratory diseases.
这就是为什么吸烟行为和呼吸道疾病之间有很强的联系。
Nicotine is a stimulant found commonly in tobacco and is responsible for causing most of the chemical changes in the body.
尼古丁是一种常见于烟草中的兴奋剂，它能引起人体的大部分化学变化。
Short-term effects of tobacco smoking include an increased heart rate and blood pressure.
吸烟的短期影响包括增加心率和血压。
Tar in the smoke affects the mucus membranes of respiratory systems.
烟雾中的焦油会影响呼吸系统的粘液膜。
This is why smokers cough because they try to clear their respiratory tract.
这就是为什么吸烟者咳嗽，因为他们试图清理他们的呼吸道。
Carbon monoxide damages the lining of blood vessels while increasing fatty deposits on the walls.
一氧化碳会破坏血管的内壁，同时增加血管壁上的脂肪沉积。
Nicotine causes blood vessels to constrict which leads to heart diseases.
尼古丁导致血管收缩，从而导致心脏病。
In small amounts, it stimulates the adrenal gland to be active.
在少量吸烟的情况下，它会刺激肾上腺活跃。
Smokers may feel nervous and tense for no reason.
吸烟者可能会无缘无故地感到紧张。
New smokers can experience nicotine poisoning, whose symptoms include dizziness, vomiting, clammy skin and even fainting spells.
新吸烟者可能会经历尼古丁中毒，其症状包括头晕、呕吐、皮肤湿润，甚至昏厥。
The long-term use of tobacco smoking can cause breathing problems like bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, heart disease and lung cancer.
长期吸烟会导致呼吸道问题，如支气管炎、哮喘、肺气肿、心脏病和肺癌。
Emphysema causes thinning or destruction of alveoli in our lungs.
肺气肿会导致我们肺部的肺泡变薄或破坏。
Tar stains teeth and fingers and can deposit in the lungs, leading to growth of cancerous cells.
焦油会使牙齿和手指变色，并在肺部沉积，导致癌细胞生长。
Other chemical irritants in the smoke cause narrowing of air passages.
烟雾中的其他化学刺激物会导致呼吸道变窄。
Smoke addiction may lead to social and personal problems.
吸烟成瘾可能会导致社会和个人问题。
If the addicts are pregnant women, babies are smaller at birth and there is an increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth and infant death.
如果吸烟者是孕妇，婴儿出生时较小，流产、死产和婴儿夭折的风险增加。
来源：经济学人
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