Europe
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French labour shortages
法国的劳动力短缺
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Even in France, waiters and chefs have lost their taste for the job
就连法国的服务员和厨师也对工作失去了兴趣
Struggling to find extra staff, the manager of a bar in the Paris region recently asked her sister to drive for an hour to help out on a busy evening, during a televised football match. At a Normandy sea-front restaurant, a waitress says they are under-staffed because former colleagues will no longer put up with unsociable evening and weekend work. Diners in Paris report the sudden appearance of shorter menus, as restaurants adapt their kitchens to staff shortages, as well as the presence of improbably young (and ungrumpy) fresh recruits now waiting at tables en terrasse.
为了招到更多的员工，最近巴黎地区一家酒吧的经理让她的姐姐在一个繁忙的晚上开车一个小时过来帮忙，当时电视正在转播一场足球比赛。在诺曼底海滨的一家餐厅，一名女服务员说，他们现在人手不足，因为以前的同事再也无法忍受晚上和周末工作(和别人不一样)了。巴黎的用餐者报告说，巴黎的用餐者报告说，由于餐厅调整了他们的厨房以适应员工短缺的情况，菜单突然变短了，同时不可思议地出现了年轻(且性情温和)的新员工，正在露天座的桌子旁等待。
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Two months after France reopened outdoor dining, restaurants and bars face a staffing crunch. The share of hospitality firms reporting recruitment problems doubled in June from the previous month, according to a Bank of France survey. When restaurants and hotels were closed for months during lockdown, many former staff acquired a taste for normal family life, says Julia Rousseau, head of éthique RH, a recruitment consultancy. She now sees candidates seeking alternative careers, as estate agents or in banks. "The pandemic has reordered their priorities," she says.
在法国重新开放户外餐饮两个月后，餐馆和酒吧面临着员工短缺的问题。法国银行的一项调查显示，6月份报告招聘问题的酒店公司比例比上个月增加了一倍。招聘咨询公司éthique RH的负责人朱莉娅·卢梭表示，餐馆和酒店的许多之前的员工在数月的封锁期间喜欢上了正常的家庭生活。她看到有求职者在寻找其他职业，比如房地产经纪人或者银行。她说：“疫情改变了他们的优先事项。”
Hospitality is not the only sector with this trouble. In June 44% of all firms reported recruitment problems, with the figure rising to 50% for construction work. "The bottleneck for French growth in mid-2021", wrote Franois Villeroy de Galhau, governor of the Bank of France, earlier this month, is "the reappearance, already, of hiring difficulties." France's case is particularly striking because its unemployment rate, at 7.5%, is higher than the OECD average (though lower than that of the euro area). Firms face labour shortages even as 2.4m people are officially looking for work.
酒店业并不是唯一一个遇到这种麻烦的行业。6月份44%的公司报告了招聘问题，建筑行业的这一数字上升到了50%。本月早些时候，法国央行行长弗朗索瓦·维勒罗伊·德加洛写道：“2021年年中，法国经济增长的瓶颈是重新出现的招聘问题。”法国的情况尤其突出，因为它的失业率为7.5%，高于经合组织的平均水平(尽管低于欧元区)。尽管官方统计有240万人在找工作，但企业仍面临劳动力短缺的问题。
Even before the pandemic, this gap was a worry. The government had been trying to close it with extra apprenticeships and training schemes. Now these have been expanded, with a more active approach to getting young people in particular into work. A scheme known as "One youth, one solution" guarantees every under-26-year-old training, an apprenticeship or a job, for which firms may get a public subsidy. The poorest get nearly 500 euros($590) extra in benefits a month if they enrol in an active job-hunt scheme. "The government has invested a lot in upskilling," says Ludovic Subran, chief economist at Allianz, an insurer. "But there's an underlying mismatch between supply and demand that will remain for some time."
甚至在新冠疫情之前，这一差距就令人担忧。政府一直试图用额外的学徒和培训计划来缩短这一差距。现在这些措施进一步扩大，政府想用一种更积极的方式让年轻人找到工作。一项名为“一个年轻人，一个解决方案”的计划保证每个26岁以下的年轻人都能接受培训，成为学徒或者找到工作，公司可以为此获得公共补贴。如果他们加入了一个积极的求职计划，那么最穷的人每月能多得到将近500欧元(590美元)的补助。保险公司安联的首席经济学家卢多维奇·苏夫朗表示：“政府在提高技能方面投入了大量资金。但供需之间存在潜在的不匹配，这种情况将持续一段时间。”
In parallel, there is an attempt to redesign the unemployment-benefit rules to encourage people to work. President Emmanuel Macron's reform involves, among other things, curbing the generous payouts to high-earners while also increasing from four to six months the length of service required to qualify for full benefits. This latter measure is designed to discourage firms from creating short-term contracts, which they do knowing that people can fall back on benefits in between. But after unions took the reform to France's highest administrative court, the government was told in June to suspend it until the economy improves. Mr Macron vows it will apply from October, if growth picks up.
与此同时，政府试图重新设计失业救济规则以鼓励人们工作。法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙的改革包括，限制对高收入者的慷慨支出，同时将获得全额福利的服务年限从4个月增加到6个月。后一种措施旨在阻止公司签订短期合同，因为他们知道有人能够从中获得福利。但在工会将这项改革提交法国最高行政法院之后，政府在6月被告知在经济好转前将暂停该计划。马克龙承诺，如果经济增长加快，该计划将从10月份开始实施。
Staff shortages in the hospitality business may be linked to its generous furlough schemes. This will be tested at the end of August, when such workers will get only 72% of salaries rather than 84%. That may help firms entice staff back. So might better pay. For the moment, as restaurants prepare to check vaccination passes at entry, uncertainty is discouraging them from promising higher wages. Diners may need to get used to longer waits, and fewer alternatives to the plat du jour.
酒店行业的员工短缺可能与其慷慨的休假计划有关。这将在8月底得到检验，届时这些工人将只能得到工资的72%，而不是84%。这可能有助于公司将员工吸引回来，所以可能会有更好的报酬。目前，由于餐馆准备在消费者进入时检查疫苗接种证明，不确定性使他们不愿承诺提高工资。用餐者可能需要习惯更长的等待时间，以及更少的菜品选择。
来源：经济学人
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