导读:据星期四发表的一份研究，糟糕的饮食习惯是导致人们不健康的主要原因之一，全球近五分之一的死亡是由不良饮食习惯带来的。

BANGKOK, Nov 29 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Poor diets are among the top causes of ill health globally, accounting for nearly one in five deaths, according to a study published on Thursday that called on governments and businesses to do more to improve eating habits.

曼谷，11月29日（英国汤森路透基金会）——据星期四发表的一份研究，糟糕的饮食习惯是导致人们不健康的主要原因之一，全球近五分之一的死亡是由不良饮食习惯带来的。该研究呼吁政府和企业采取更多行动改善人们的饮食习惯。

Eating unhealthy food, or not having enough food - including children unable to breastfeed - contribute to widespread malnutrition, said researchers behind the latest Global Nutrition Report.

负责完成最新《全球营养报告》的研究人员说，食用不健康的食品或者不能得到足够的食品——包括无法用母乳喂养幼儿，导致全世界出现大范围的营养不良。

The report is an independently produced annual analysis of the state of the world’s nutrition.

该报告每年独立完成，主要分析世界范围内人们摄取营养的状况。

"Diets are one of the top risk factors of morbidity and mortality in the world - more than air pollution, more than smoking," said Jessica Fanzo, a professor at Johns Hopkins University and a lead author.

本报告主要作者、美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的教授杰茜卡·范佐说：“饮食习惯是在全世界导致人们发病和死亡的最大风险因素之一，风险大过空气污染和吸烟。”

"What we’re eating is killing us. So something needs to get us back on track with our food system," she said on the sidelines of a global food conference in Thailand’s capital, Bangkok.

范佐在参加泰国首都曼谷举行的食品国际大会期间说：“我们吃的东西正在杀死我们。所以我们需要采取行动，让食品系统回到正轨。”

She said a lack of knowledge and affordability of nutritious food, as well as ineffective supply chains, are among the factors that contribute to poor diets.

她说，缺乏有关营养丰富的食品的知识、买不起有营养的食品，以及效率低下的供应链是导致人们饮食习惯不好的一些原因。

The researchers analysed 194 countries and found that malnutrition could cost the world $3.5 trillion per year, including overweight and obesity which could cost $500 billion annually.

研究人员分析了194个国家的情况，发现全世界每年由于营养不良而损失3.5万亿美元，其中包括由于超重和肥胖损失的5000亿美元。

Every country is battling some form of malnutrition - be it children who are anemic or too short for their age, or women who are overweight but undernourished due to unhealthy diets - and adolescence obesity rates are rising, the report said.

每个国家都在与某一类别的营养不良作斗争——或是儿童患贫血症抑或身高远低于同年龄应有高度，或是女性由于不健康饮食习惯而超重且营养不足——而且青少年肥胖率正在增长，报告说。

Most countries are unlikely to meet nine global targets on nutrition that they have signed up to achieve by 2025 including adult obesity and diabetes, anemia and child health.

大多数国家不太可能完成此前承诺到2025年达到的9个全球营养目标，包括有关成年人肥胖、糖尿病和贫血以及儿童健康方面的目标。

Progress has been "unacceptably slow", the authors warned.

报告作者警告说，相关进展“缓慢到令人无法接受”。

However, there is now better and more detailed data, which has created an unprecedented opportunity to craft effective responses, according to the report.

但报告称，现在有更好和更详细的数据，这带来前所未有的机遇，可以设计出有效的应对方式。

It cited Amsterdam, which faced a weight crisis among young people and set up programmes in 2012 to prevent and treat obesity, as well as facilitate learning and research on the issue.

报告援引阿姆斯特丹的案例，这座城市曾面临年轻人体重危机，于是在2012年设立项目防止和治疗肥胖，以及促进有关肥胖的科普和研究。

Initiatives included public drinking fountains, restrictions on food advertising and guidance for healthy snacks in schools. Today, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Amsterdam is leveling off, the report said.

项目提出的倡议包括设立公共饮水池、限制食品广告以及出台让学校提供健康点心的指导意见。报告称，如今在阿姆斯特丹，超重和肥胖率维持在稳定水平。

Fanzo noted that nutrition is crucial to building up immunity against disease, as well as mental cognition.

范佐指出，营养摄入对于增强免疫力预防疾病来说非常重要，对大脑认知能力来说也很重要。

"You have to care about what people are eating if you want to build the intellect of your country," she said.

她说：“如果你的国家想要提高人民整体的思维能力水平，就必须关注人们在吃些什么。”

（来源：爱语吧）