Other approaches lead to much bigger sums. One calculates the difference between what slaves were given by way of maintenance, and what free workers were paid.
其他方法的赔偿金额更大。一种方法是计算奴隶维持生活的所需与自由工人工资之间的差价。
An estimate puts that at roughly $4trn in today's money (19% of GDP),
根据现在的钱计算，预计需要约4万亿美元（占GDP的19%），
once you account for the financial returns that could have been made if the money had been paid on time.
如果算上按时支付这笔钱可能带来的经济回报的话。
But some argue that slaves held down the wages of free workers, meaning that the true value of slaves' lost wages is higher.
但一些人认为，奴隶压低了自由工人的工资，这意味着奴隶失去的工资的真正价值更高。
Mr Darity and Ms Mullen say that the difference in mean net wealth between white and black households ($795,000 in 2016)
Darity先生和Mullen女士表示，白人和黑人家庭之间平均净资产的差距（2016年为795000美元）
is the "most robust indicator of the cumulative economic effects of white supremacy". That points to reparations of nearly $8trn, or 37% of GDP.
是“白人至上主义累积经济效应最有力的指标”。这意味着将近8万亿美元的赔款，相当于GDP的37%。
(The authors suggest that this should be partly financed by printing money, something that will make most wonks queasy.)
（作者建议，这部分资金应该通过印钞票来筹集，而这将使大多数学院派们感到不安。）
Another area of disagreement concerns the form that reparations should take.
分歧的另一个方面涉及应采取的赔偿形式。
Mr Darity and Ms Mullen argue that for "both symbolic and substantive reasons, an effective programme of restitution must include direct payments".
Darity先生和Mullen女士认为，“从象征和实质性原因来看，有效的赔偿方案必须包括直接赔款”。